/*

Copyright (c) 2007, Arvid Norberg
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:

    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
      from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

*/

#include "libtorrent/pch.hpp"

#include <boost/version.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>

#if BOOST_VERSION < 103500
#include <asio/ip/host_name.hpp>
#else
#include <boost/asio/ip/host_name.hpp>
#endif

#include "libtorrent/natpmp.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/io.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/assert.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/enum_net.hpp"

using boost::bind;
using namespace libtorrent;

natpmp::natpmp(io_service& ios, address const& listen_interface, portmap_callback_t const& cb)
	: m_callback(cb)
	, m_currently_mapping(-1)
	, m_retry_count(0)
	, m_socket(ios)
	, m_send_timer(ios)
	, m_refresh_timer(ios)
	, m_next_refresh(-1)
	, m_disabled(false)
	, m_abort(false)
{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log.open("natpmp.log", std::ios::in | std::ios::out | std::ios::trunc);
#endif
	rebind(listen_interface);
}

void natpmp::rebind(address const& listen_interface)
{
	mutex_t::scoped_lock l(m_mutex);

	error_code ec;
	address gateway = get_default_gateway(m_socket.get_io_service(), ec);
	if (ec)
	{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << time_now_string() << " failed to find default router: "
			<< ec.message() << std::endl;
#endif
		disable("failed to find default router");
		return;
	}

	m_disabled = false;

	udp::endpoint nat_endpoint(gateway, 5351);
	if (nat_endpoint == m_nat_endpoint) return;
	m_nat_endpoint = nat_endpoint;

#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << time_now_string() << " found router at: "
		<< m_nat_endpoint.address() << std::endl;
#endif

	m_socket.open(udp::v4(), ec);
	if (ec)
	{
		disable(ec.message().c_str());
		return;
	}
	m_socket.bind(udp::endpoint(address_v4::any(), 0), ec);
	if (ec)
	{
		disable(ec.message().c_str());
		return;
	}

	m_socket.async_receive_from(asio::buffer(&m_response_buffer, 16)
		, m_remote, bind(&natpmp::on_reply, self(), _1, _2));

	for (std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator i = m_mappings.begin()
		, end(m_mappings.end()); i != end; ++i)
	{
		if (i->protocol != none
			|| i->action != mapping_t::action_none)
			continue;
		i->action = mapping_t::action_add;
		update_mapping(i - m_mappings.begin());
	}
}

void natpmp::disable(char const* message)
{
	m_disabled = true;

	for (std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator i = m_mappings.begin()
		, end(m_mappings.end()); i != end; ++i)
	{
		if (i->protocol == none) continue;
		i->protocol = none;
		m_callback(i - m_mappings.begin(), 0, message);
	}

#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << time_now_string() << " NAT-PMP disabled: " << message << std::endl;
#endif
	close_impl();
}
void natpmp::delete_mapping(int index)
{
	TORRENT_ASSERT(index < int(m_mappings.size()) && index >= 0);
	if (index >= int(m_mappings.size()) || index < 0) return;
	mapping_t& m = m_mappings[index];

	if (m.protocol == none) return;

	m.action = mapping_t::action_delete;
	update_mapping(index);
}

int natpmp::add_mapping(protocol_type p, int external_port, int local_port)
{
	mutex_t::scoped_lock l(m_mutex);

	if (m_disabled) return -1;

	std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator i = std::find_if(m_mappings.begin()
		, m_mappings.end(), boost::bind(&mapping_t::protocol, _1) == int(none));
	if (i == m_mappings.end())
	{
		m_mappings.push_back(mapping_t());
		i = m_mappings.end() - 1;
	}
	i->protocol = p;
	i->external_port = external_port;
	i->local_port = local_port;
	i->action = mapping_t::action_add;

	int mapping_index = i - m_mappings.begin();

	update_mapping(mapping_index);
	return mapping_index;
}

void natpmp::try_next_mapping(int i)
{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << time_now_string() << " try_next_mapping [ " << i << " ]" << std::endl;
#endif

#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	ptime now = time_now();
	for (std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator m = m_mappings.begin()
		, end(m_mappings.end()); m != end; ++m)
	{
		m_log << "     " << (m - m_mappings.begin()) << " [ "
			"proto: " << (m->protocol == none ? "none" : m->protocol == tcp ? "tcp" : "udp")
			<< " port: " << m->external_port
			<< " local-port: " << m->local_port
			<< " action: " << (m->action == mapping_t::action_none ? "none" : m->action == mapping_t::action_add ? "add" : "delete")
			<< " ttl: " << total_seconds(m->expires - now)
			<< " ]" << std::endl;
	}
#endif

	if (i < int(m_mappings.size()) - 1)
	{
		update_mapping(i + 1);
		return;
	}

	std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator m = std::find_if(
		m_mappings.begin(), m_mappings.end()
		, boost::bind(&mapping_t::action, _1) != int(mapping_t::action_none));

	if (m == m_mappings.end())
	{
		if (m_abort)
		{
			error_code ec;
			m_send_timer.cancel(ec);
			m_socket.close(ec);
		}
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << "     done" << (m_abort?" shutting down":"") << std::endl;
#endif
		return;
	}

#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << "     updating " << (m - m_mappings.begin()) << std::endl;
#endif

	update_mapping(m - m_mappings.begin());
}

void natpmp::update_mapping(int i)
{
	if (i == m_mappings.size())
	{
		if (m_abort)
		{
			error_code ec;
			m_send_timer.cancel(ec);
			m_socket.close(ec);
		}
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << "     done" << (m_abort?" shutting down":"") << std::endl;
#endif
		return;
	}

	natpmp::mapping_t& m = m_mappings[i];
	if (m.action == mapping_t::action_none
		|| m.protocol == none)
	{
		try_next_mapping(i);
		return;
	}

	if (m_currently_mapping == -1)
	{
		// the socket is not currently in use
		// send out a mapping request
		m_retry_count = 0;
		send_map_request(i);
	}
}

void natpmp::send_map_request(int i)
{
	using namespace libtorrent::detail;

	TORRENT_ASSERT(m_currently_mapping == -1
		|| m_currently_mapping == i);
	m_currently_mapping = i;
	mapping_t& m = m_mappings[i];
	TORRENT_ASSERT(m.action != mapping_t::action_none);
	char buf[12];
	char* out = buf;
	write_uint8(0, out); // NAT-PMP version
	write_uint8(m.protocol, out); // map "protocol"
	write_uint16(0, out); // reserved
	write_uint16(m.local_port, out); // private port
	write_uint16(m.external_port, out); // requested public port
	int ttl = m.action == mapping_t::action_add ? 3600 : 0;
	write_uint32(ttl, out); // port mapping lifetime

#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << time_now_string()
		<< " ==> port map ["
		<< " action: " << (m.action == mapping_t::action_add ? "add" : "delete") << " "
		<< " proto: " << (m.protocol == udp ? "udp" : "tcp")
		<< " local: " << m.local_port << " external: " << m.external_port
		<< " ttl: " << ttl << " ]" << std::endl;
#endif

	error_code ec;
	m_socket.send_to(asio::buffer(buf, 12), m_nat_endpoint, 0, ec);
	if (m_abort)
	{
		// when we're shutting down, ignore the
		// responses and just remove all mappings
		// immediately
		m_currently_mapping = -1;
		m.action = mapping_t::action_none;
		try_next_mapping(i);
	}
	else
	{
		// linear back-off instead of exponential
		++m_retry_count;
		m_send_timer.expires_from_now(milliseconds(250 * m_retry_count), ec);
		m_send_timer.async_wait(bind(&natpmp::resend_request, self(), i, _1));
	}
}

void natpmp::resend_request(int i, error_code const& e)
{
	if (e) return;
	mutex_t::scoped_lock l(m_mutex);
	if (m_currently_mapping != i) return;

	// if we're shutting down, don't retry, just move on
	// to the next mapping
	if (m_retry_count >= 9 || m_abort)
	{
		m_currently_mapping = -1;
		m_mappings[i].action = mapping_t::action_none;
		// try again in two hours
		m_mappings[i].expires = time_now() + hours(2);
		try_next_mapping(i);
		return;
	}
	send_map_request(i);
}

void natpmp::on_reply(error_code const& e
	, std::size_t bytes_transferred)
{
	using namespace libtorrent::detail;
	if (e)
	{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << time_now_string()
			<< " <== on_receive ["
			" error: " << e.message() << " ]" << std::endl;
#endif
		return;
	}

	m_socket.async_receive_from(asio::buffer(&m_response_buffer, 16)
		, m_remote, bind(&natpmp::on_reply, self(), _1, _2));

	// simulate packet loss
/*
	if ((rand() % 2) == 0)
	{
		log(" simulating drop");
		return;
	}
*/
	if (m_remote != m_nat_endpoint)
	{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << time_now_string()
			<< " <== received packet from the wrong IP ["
			" ip: " << m_remote << " ]" << std::endl;
#endif
		return;
	}

	mutex_t::scoped_lock l(m_mutex);

	error_code ec;
	m_send_timer.cancel(ec);

	char* in = m_response_buffer;
	int version = read_uint8(in);
	int cmd = read_uint8(in);
	int result = read_uint16(in);
	int time = read_uint32(in);
	int private_port = read_uint16(in);
	int public_port = read_uint16(in);
	int lifetime = read_uint32(in);

	(void)time; // to remove warning

	int protocol = (cmd - 128 == 1)?udp:tcp;

#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << time_now_string()
		<< " <== port map ["
		<< " protocol: " << (cmd - 128 == 1 ? "udp" : "tcp")
		<< " local: " << private_port << " external: " << public_port
		<< " ttl: " << lifetime << " ]" << std::endl;
#endif

#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	if (version != 0)
	{
		m_log << "*** unexpected version: " << version << std::endl;
	}
#endif

	mapping_t* m = 0;
	int index = -1;
	for (std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator i = m_mappings.begin()
		, end(m_mappings.end()); i != end; ++i)
	{
		if (private_port != i->local_port) continue;
		if (protocol != i->protocol) continue;
		m = &*i;
		index = i - m_mappings.begin();
		break;
	}

	if (m == 0)
	{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << "*** not found in map table" << std::endl;
#endif
		return;
	}

	if (public_port == 0 || lifetime == 0)
	{
		// this means the mapping was
		// successfully closed
		m->protocol = none;
	}
	else
	{
		m->expires = time_now() + seconds(int(lifetime * 0.7f));
		m->external_port = public_port;
	}

	if (result != 0)
	{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << "*** ERROR: " << result << std::endl;
#endif
		std::stringstream errmsg;
		errmsg << "NAT router reports error (" << result << ") ";
		switch (result)
		{
			case 1: errmsg << "Unsupported protocol version"; break;
			case 2: errmsg << "Not authorized to create port map (enable NAT-PMP on your router)"; break;
			case 3: errmsg << "Network failure"; break;
			case 4: errmsg << "Out of resources"; break;
			case 5: errmsg << "Unsupported opcode"; break;
		}
		m->expires = time_now() + hours(2);
		m_callback(index, 0, errmsg.str());
	}
	else if (m->action == mapping_t::action_add)
	{
		m_callback(index, m->external_port, "");
	}

	m_currently_mapping = -1;
	m->action = mapping_t::action_none;
	m_send_timer.cancel(ec);
	update_expiration_timer();
	try_next_mapping(index);
}

void natpmp::update_expiration_timer()
{
	if (m_abort) return;

	ptime now = time_now();
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << time_now_string() << " update_expiration_timer " << std::endl;
	for (std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator i = m_mappings.begin()
		, end(m_mappings.end()); i != end; ++i)
	{
		m_log << "     " << (i - m_mappings.begin()) << " [ "
			"proto: " << (i->protocol == none ? "none" : i->protocol == tcp ? "tcp" : "udp")
			<< " port: " << i->external_port
			<< " local-port: " << i->local_port
			<< " action: " << (i->action == mapping_t::action_none ? "none" : i->action == mapping_t::action_add ? "add" : "delete")
			<< " ttl: " << total_seconds(i->expires - now)
			<< " ]" << std::endl;
	}
#endif

	ptime min_expire = now + seconds(3600);
	int min_index = -1;
	for (std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator i = m_mappings.begin()
		, end(m_mappings.end()); i != end; ++i)
	{
		if (i->protocol == none
			|| i->action != mapping_t::action_none) continue;
		if (i->expires < min_expire)
		{
			min_expire = i->expires;
			min_index = i - m_mappings.begin();
		}
	}

	// this is already the mapping we're waiting for
	if (m_next_refresh == min_index) return;

	if (min_index >= 0)
	{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << time_now_string() << " next expiration ["
			" i: " << min_index
			<< " ttl: " << total_seconds(min_expire - time_now())
			<< " ]" << std::endl;
#endif
		error_code ec;
		if (m_next_refresh >= 0) m_refresh_timer.cancel(ec);
		m_refresh_timer.expires_from_now(min_expire - now, ec);
		m_refresh_timer.async_wait(bind(&natpmp::mapping_expired, self(), _1, min_index));
		m_next_refresh = min_index;
	}
}

void natpmp::mapping_expired(error_code const& e, int i)
{
	if (e) return;
	mutex_t::scoped_lock l(m_mutex);
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << time_now_string() << " mapping expired [ i: " << i << " ]" << std::endl;
#endif
	m_mappings[i].action = mapping_t::action_add;
	if (m_next_refresh == i) m_next_refresh = -1;
	update_mapping(i);
}

void natpmp::close()
{
	mutex_t::scoped_lock l(m_mutex);
	close_impl();
}

void natpmp::close_impl()
{
	m_abort = true;
	error_code ec;
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
	m_log << time_now_string() << " close" << std::endl;
#endif
	if (m_disabled) return;
	ptime now = time_now();
	for (std::vector<mapping_t>::iterator i = m_mappings.begin()
		, end(m_mappings.end()); i != end; ++i)
	{
#if defined(TORRENT_LOGGING) || defined(TORRENT_VERBOSE_LOGGING)
		m_log << "     " << (i - m_mappings.begin()) << " [ "
			"proto: " << (i->protocol == none ? "none" : i->protocol == tcp ? "tcp" : "udp")
			<< " port: " << i->external_port
			<< " local-port: " << i->local_port
			<< " action: " << (i->action == mapping_t::action_none ? "none" : i->action == mapping_t::action_add ? "add" : "delete")
			<< " ttl: " << total_seconds(i->expires - now)
			<< " ]" << std::endl;
#endif
		if (i->protocol == none) continue;
		i->action = mapping_t::action_delete;
	}
	m_refresh_timer.cancel(ec);
	update_mapping(0);
}